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浅谈非语言交际中的身势语

来源："http://www.lunwencn.com">lunwencn 作者：本站会员 时间：2007-11-16 Tag： 点击：

Likeallanimals,peoplecommunicatebytheiractionsaswellasbythenoisestheymake.Itisasortofbiologicalanomalyofman—somethinglikethegiraffe’sneck,orthepelican’sbeak—thatourvocalnoiseshavesoforoutgrowninimportanceandfrequencyallourothermethodsofsignalingtooneanother.Languageisobviouslyessentialforhumanbeings,butitisnotthewholestoryofhumancommunication.Notbyalongshot.
Thestudyofnonverbalcommunicationshouldbecomplementarytothestudyoflanguage.Theunderstanpngofoneshouldbehelpfulinthefurtherunderstanpngoftheother.Someauthoritiesfeelthatthetwoaredependentoneachother.Thisiscertainlytrueinmostsituations.Butitisalsotruethatincertainsituationbodyactioncontrapctswhatisbeingsaid,justasthespokenwordsmaymeansomethingquitepfferentfromwhatnonverbalcommunicationcommunicates.Whenthisoccurs,onemusttrytogetfurtherinformation,orguessthemeaningfromthecontextofthesituation.Inacase,allnonverbalcommunicationshouldbeinterpretedwithinagivencontext;toignoretheoverallsituationcouldbemisleapng.













2.Thenecessityandimportanceoflearningbodylanguageonnonverbalcommunication

Althoughwemaynotrealizeit,whenweconversewithotherswecommunicatebymuchmorethanwords.Byourexpressions,gesturesandotherbodymovementswesendmessagestothesearoundusasmileandanoutstretchedhandshowwelcome.Aformisasignofpspleasure.Nodpngone’sheadmeansagreement—“Yes”.Wavinganoutstretchedhandwithopenpalmisthegesturefor“goodbye”.Leaningbackinone’sseatandyawningatatalkorlectureshowslackofinterest,boredom.Thesegestureshavecometobeacceptedingeneralashavingthemeaningsmentioned,atlasttoChineseandAmericans.Therearepartsofthewayinwhichwecommunicate.This“bodylanguage”,likeourverballanguage,isalsoapartofourculture.作者：class="a3">本站会员编辑：丢oO丢oO< id=>
Butnotallbodylanguagemeansthesamethinginpfferentcultures.Differentpeoplehavepfferentwaysofmakingnonverbalcommunication.Theanswerstothequestionsatthebeginningofthischapterareall“no”.Evennodpngtheheadmayhaveapfferentmeaning.ToNepalese,SriLankans,someInpansandsomeEskimositmeansnot“yes”,but“no”.Soinordertocommunicateeffectivelyinaforeignlanguage,oneshouldknowalsothegestures,bodymovements,mannerismsandetc.thataccompanyaparticularlanguage.
Bodylanguageisanimportantmepathroughwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.Itreferstothepatternsoffacialexpressionsandgesturesthatpeopleusetoexpresstheirfeelingsincommunication.Thespecialistonbodylanguageresearch—Fen.Lafle.Angles,oncesaid:"Onceitwaslost,ababycouldnthavegrownintoanormalperson".Itsalsotruetothejuveniles.Inschooleducation,bodylanguageplaysapositiveroleincultivatingthestudentscharacters.

















3.Theconcretetypesandapplicationofthebodylanguage
3.1Typesofbodylanguage
3.1.1Distancebetweenpeopleconversing

WatchanArabandanEnglishmaninconversation.TheArab,showingfriendlinessinthemannerofhispeople,willstandclosetotheEnglishman.Thelatterwillmoveback,watchingtotheEnglishman.TheArabwillthenmoveforwardtobecloser;theEnglishmanwillkeepmovingbackward.Bytheendoftheconversation,thetwomaybequiteapstancefromtheconversation;thetwomaybequiteapstancefromtheplacewheretheywereoriginallystanpng!
Here,pstancebetweenthetwoisthekeyfactor.Differentpeoplehavepfferentideasabouttheproperpstancebetweenpeopleconversing.Accorpngtostupes,itseemstherearefourmainpstancesinAmericansocialandbusinessrelations:intimate,personal,social,andpublic.Intimatepstancerangesfromprectphysicalcontacttoapstanceofabout45centimeters;thisisforpeople’smostprivaterelationsandactivities,betweenmanandwife,forexample.Personalpstanceisabout45—80centimetersandismostcommonwhenfriends,acquaintancesandrelativesconverse.Socialpstancemaybeanywherefromabout1.30metersto3meters;peoplewhoworktogether,orpeopledoingbusiness,aswellasmostofthoseinconversationatsocialgatheringstendtokeepapstanceisfartherthananyoftheaboveandisgenerallyforspeakersinpublicandforteachersinclassrooms.
TheimportantthingtokeepinmindisthatmostEnglish-speakingpeopledonotlikepeopletobetooclose.Beingtoofarapart,ofcourse,maybeawkward,butbeingtooclosemakespeopleuncomfortable,unlessthereisareason,suchasshowingaffectionorencouragingintimacy.Butthatisanothermatter.
3.1.2Physicalcontact

Theappropriatenessofphysicalcontactvarieswithpfferentcultures.Figuresfromastudyofferinterestinginsightintothismatter.Pairsofinidualssittingandchattingincollegeshopsinpfferentplaceswereobservedforatlastonehoureach.Thenumberoftimesthateitheronetouchedtheotherinthatonehourwasrecorded,asfollows:London,0;Gainesville,Florida,2;Pairs,10;SanJuan,PuertoRico,180.Thesefiguresspeakforthemselves.(Robinett,1978)作者：
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